{"id":13092,"date":"2019-10-02T23:27:38","date_gmt":"2019-10-02T20:27:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uusikielemme.fi\/?p=13092"},"modified":"2021-08-03T09:15:57","modified_gmt":"2021-08-03T06:15:57","slug":"alternance-consonantique-du-quatrieme-groupe-verbal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uusikielemme.fi\/fr\/grammaire-finnoise\/morphologie\/alternance-consonantique\/alternance-consonantique-du-quatrieme-groupe-verbal\/","title":{"rendered":"Alternance consonantique du quatri\u00e8me groupe verbal"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cet article traite de l’alternance consonantique du quatri\u00e8me groupe verbal. Vous pouvez en apprendre plus sur les groupes verbaux ici<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1. Qu’est-ce que l’alternance consonantique ?<\/h2>\n

L’alternance consonantique est quelque chose que l’on rencontre tout le temps lorsque l’on apprend le finnois. C’est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne qui affecte les noms comme les verbes, mais de fa\u00e7on diff\u00e9rente. C’est une alternance<\/strong> car les mots peuvent changer entre une forme “forte” ou une forme “faible”. Ce changement prend place lorsque l’on ajoute une terminaison au mot. Pour les verbes, cel\u00e0 peut \u00eatre les terminaison de personne (i.e. -n, -t<\/em>) ou n’importe quel autre marqueur de temps.<\/p>\n

L’alternance consonantique n’affecte que certaines consonnes (K, P et T). Quand on conjugue un verbe, les K, P ou T au milieu du mot peuvent changer. Les diff\u00e9rents groupes verbaux subissent l’alternance consonantique de fa\u00e7on diff\u00e9rente.<\/p>\n

\n

2. Quand est-ce que l’alternance consonantique s’applique ?<\/h2>\n

L’alternance consonantique du quatri\u00e8me groupe verbal prend place dans toutes les formes conjugu\u00e9es<\/strong> au pr\u00e9sent. L’infinitif du verbe (sa forme de base) sera toujours faible<\/strong><\/span>, et les formes conjugu\u00e9es seront toujours fortes<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Un grand nombre de verbes de ce groupe ne subissent pas<\/strong> l’alternance consonantique, m\u00eame si les consonnes pr\u00e9sentent pourraient indiquer le contraire. Malheureusement, il n’y a pas de moyen infaillible pour distinguer les verbes qui subissent l’alternance consonantique de ceux qui ne la subissent pas. M\u00eame des verbes tr\u00e8s similaires, tels que pelata \/ pel\u00e4t\u00e4<\/strong><\/em> pourront avoir un comportement diff\u00e9rent (pelata: min\u00e4 pelaan \/ pel\u00e4t\u00e4: min\u00e4 pelk\u00e4\u00e4n<\/em>). Pour les verbes de ce groupe, ils faut donc apprendre par c\u0153ur les r\u00e8gles d’alternance consonantique pour chaque verbe.<\/p>\n

Autres temps et modes:<\/p>\n

\n
    \n
  • <\/i> Le participe pass\u00e9 des verbes du quatri\u00e8me groupe sera toujours faible<\/strong><\/span> :
    \nen pak<\/strong><\/span>annut, olen pud<\/strong><\/span>onnut, emme ole tav<\/strong><\/span>anneet<\/em><\/li>\n
  • <\/i> Le passif des verbes du quatri\u00e8me groupe sera toujours faible<\/strong><\/span> :
    \npak<\/strong><\/span>ataan, pud<\/strong><\/span>otaan, pak<\/strong><\/span>attiin, tav<\/strong><\/span>attaisiin<\/em><\/li>\n
  • <\/i> Le conditionnel des verbes du quatri\u00e8me groupe sera toujours fort <\/strong><\/span>:
    \npakk<\/strong><\/span>aisin, put<\/strong><\/span>oaisimme, tap<\/strong><\/span>aisitteko<\/em><\/li>\n
  • <\/i> L’imp\u00e9ratif singulier sera fort<\/strong><\/span> et l’imp\u00e9ratif pluriel\u00a0sera faible <\/strong><\/span>:
    \nPakk<\/strong><\/span>aa! Pak<\/strong><\/span>atkaa! Tap<\/strong><\/span>aa! Tav<\/strong><\/span>atkaa!<\/em><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    3. Quelles consonnes changent ?<\/h2>\n

    L’alternance consonantique s’effectue uniquement\u00a0<\/strong>sur les consonnes suivantes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Faible<\/th>\nFort<\/th>\nInfinitif<\/th>\nFormes fortes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    k<\/span><\/td>\nkk<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\npak<\/strong><\/span>ata<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 pakk<\/strong><\/span>aan, sin\u00e4 pakk<\/strong><\/span>aat, h\u00e4n pakk<\/strong><\/span>aa
    \nme pakk<\/strong><\/span>aamme, te pakk<\/strong><\/span>aatte, he pakk<\/strong><\/span>aavat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    p<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\npp<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nhyp<\/strong><\/span>\u00e4t\u00e4<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 hypp<\/strong><\/span>\u00e4\u00e4n, sin\u00e4 hypp<\/strong><\/span>\u00e4\u00e4t, h\u00e4n hypp<\/strong><\/span>\u00e4\u00e4
    \nme hypp<\/strong><\/span>\u00e4\u00e4mme, te hypp<\/strong><\/span>\u00e4\u00e4tte, he hypp<\/strong><\/span>\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    t<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ntt<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nmit<\/strong><\/span>ata<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 mitt<\/strong><\/span>aan, sin\u00e4 mitt<\/strong><\/span>aat, h\u00e4n mitt<\/strong><\/span>aa
    \nme mitt<\/strong><\/span>aamme, te mitt<\/strong><\/span>aatte, he mitt<\/strong><\/span>aavat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    nn<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nnt<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nsuunn<\/strong><\/span>ata<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 suunt<\/span><\/strong>aan, sin\u00e4 suunt<\/strong><\/span>aat, h\u00e4n suunt<\/strong><\/span>aa
    \nme suunt<\/strong><\/span>aamme, te suunt<\/strong><\/span>aatte, he suunt<\/strong><\/span>aavat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ng<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nnk<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nhang<\/strong><\/span>ata<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 hank<\/strong><\/span>aan, sin\u00e4 hank<\/strong><\/span>aat, h\u00e4n hank<\/strong><\/span>aa
    \nme hank<\/strong><\/span>aamme, te hank<\/strong><\/span>aatte, he hank<\/strong><\/span>aavat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    mm<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nmp<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nkamm<\/strong><\/span>ata<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 kamp<\/strong><\/span>aan, sin\u00e4 kamp<\/strong><\/span>aat, h\u00e4n kamp<\/strong><\/span>aa
    \nme kamp<\/strong><\/span>aamme, te kamp<\/strong><\/span>aatte, he kamp<\/strong><\/span>aavat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ll<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nlt<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nvall<\/strong><\/span>ata<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 valt<\/strong><\/span>aan, sin\u00e4 valt<\/strong><\/span>aat, h\u00e4n valt<\/strong><\/span>aa
    \nme valt<\/strong><\/span>aamme, te valt<\/strong><\/span>aatte, he valt<\/strong><\/span>aavat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    rr<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nrt<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nkerr<\/strong><\/span>ata<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 kert<\/strong><\/span>aan, sin\u00e4 kert<\/strong><\/span>aat, h\u00e4n kert<\/strong><\/span>aa
    \nme kert<\/strong><\/span>aamme, te kert<\/strong><\/span>aatte, he kert<\/strong><\/span>aavat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nt<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\npud<\/strong><\/span>ota<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 put<\/strong><\/span>oan, sin\u00e4 put<\/strong><\/span>oat, h\u00e4n put<\/strong><\/span>oaa
    \nme put<\/strong><\/span>oamme, te put<\/strong><\/span>oatte, he put<\/strong><\/span>oavat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00d8<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nk<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nmaata<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 mak<\/strong><\/span>aan, sin\u00e4 mak<\/strong><\/span>aat, h\u00e4n mak<\/strong><\/span>aa
    \nme mak<\/strong><\/span>aamme, te mak<\/strong><\/span>aatte, he mak<\/strong><\/span>aavat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    v<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\np<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ntav<\/strong><\/span>ata<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 tap<\/strong><\/span>aan, sin\u00e4 tap<\/strong><\/span>aat, h\u00e4n tap<\/strong><\/span>aa
    \nme tap<\/strong><\/span>aamme, te tap<\/strong><\/span>aatte, he tap<\/strong><\/span>aavat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Alternance consonantique du quatri\u00e8me groupe verbal dans le langage parl\u00e9<\/h3>\n

    Il existe des formes d’alternance consonantique plus rares pour certains mots emprunt\u00e9s \u00e0 d’autres langues, comme par exemple (g \u2192 gg) dans digata<\/em> (appr\u00e9cier, aimer) ou (b \u2192 bb) dans dubata <\/em>(doubler (cin\u00e9ma)). Ces verbes font tous partie du registre oral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Faible<\/th>\nFort<\/th>\nInfinitif<\/th>\nConjugaison<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    g<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ngg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ndig<\/strong><\/span>ata (appr\u00e9cier, aimer)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 digg<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    g<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ngg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nvlog<\/strong><\/span>ata (vloguer)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 vlogg<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    b<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nbb<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ndub<\/strong><\/span>ata (doubler (cin\u00e9ma))<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 dubb<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    b<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nbb<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nlob<\/strong><\/span>ata (faire du lobbying)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 lobb<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    b<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nbb<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nmob<\/strong><\/span>ata (harceler)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 mobb<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Cependant, d’autres verbes similaires n’ont pas le m\u00eame comportement d’alternance consonantique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Faible<\/th>\nFort<\/th>\nInfinitif<\/th>\nConjugaison<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    g<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ng<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ntag<\/strong><\/span>ata (\u00e9tiqueter)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 tag<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    g<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ng<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\njoog<\/span><\/strong>ata (faire du yoga)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 joog<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    g<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ng<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ntsiig<\/strong><\/span>ata (regarder)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 tsiig<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    b<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nb<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nskimb<\/strong><\/span>ata (skier)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 skimb<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    b<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nb<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ndeb<\/strong><\/span>ata (mourrir)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 deb<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \n

    4. Limites de l’alternance consonantique du quatri\u00e8me groupe<\/h2>\n

    4.1. Limitations dues au type de consonne<\/h3>\n

    Certaines combinaisons de consonnes ne sont pas<\/strong> sujettes \u00e0 l’alternance consonantique. Par exemple: -ss-<\/em> n’est pas dans la liste, donc il n’y aura jamais<\/strong> d’alternance entre -ss-<\/em> et -s-. <\/em>C’est vrai pour les noms comme pour les verbes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Infinitif<\/th>\nConjugaison<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    pluss<\/strong><\/span>ata (additioner)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 pluss<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    stress<\/strong><\/span>ata (stresser)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 stress<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    surff<\/strong><\/span>ata (surfer)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 surff<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    treff<\/span><\/strong>ata (sortir avec qqn)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 treff<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    4.2. Limitations dues au placement des syllabes<\/h3>\n

    L’alternance consonantique n’a lieu qu’\u00e0 la limite entre la derni\u00e8re et l’avant-derni\u00e8re syllabe. Cela signifie que l’alternance consonantique n’a pas lieu dans certains verbes longs.<\/p>\n

    Par exemple, le verbe hantteerata<\/em> contient -tt-<\/strong><\/em><\/span>, mais l’infinitif ne sera pas faible car -tt<\/strong><\/em>– <\/em><\/strong><\/span>n’est pas situ\u00e9 sur l’avant-derni\u00e8re syllabe. D’o\u00f9 la diff\u00e9rence entre min\u00e4 hant<\/strong><\/span>–t<\/strong><\/span>ee-raan\u00a0<\/em>(\u2192 hantt<\/strong><\/span>eerata<\/em>) et min\u00e4 mit<\/strong><\/span>–t<\/strong><\/span>aan\u00a0<\/em>(\u2192 mit<\/strong><\/span>ata<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Infinitif<\/th>\nConjugaison<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    hantt<\/strong><\/span>eerata (g\u00e9rer)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 hantt<\/strong><\/span>eeraan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    mit<\/strong><\/span>ata (mesurer)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 mitt<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    4.3. Groupements de consonnes<\/h3>\n

    Certains groupements de consonnes ne sont jamais sujets \u00e0 l’alternance consonantique. L’alternance consonantique n’affecte jamais les paires de consonnes -st-, -sp-, -tk-<\/em> et -hk-.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Infinitif<\/th>\nConjugaison<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    vast<\/strong><\/span>ata (r\u00e9pondre)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 vast<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    test<\/strong><\/span>ata (tester)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 test<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    vatk<\/strong><\/span>ata (fouetter)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 vatk<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    katk<\/strong><\/span>eta (craquer)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 katk<\/strong><\/span>ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    visp<\/strong><\/span>ata (fouetter (cuisine))<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 visp<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    l\u00f6yhk<\/strong><\/span>\u00e4t\u00e4 (puer)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 l\u00f6yhk<\/strong><\/span>\u00e4\u00e4n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    tuhk<\/strong><\/span>ata (incin\u00e9rer)<\/td>\nmin\u00e4 tuhk<\/strong><\/span>aan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Apprenez tout ce qu’il faut savoir sur l’alternance consonantique du quatri\u00e8me groupe verbal en finnois, de son fonctionnement \u00e0 ses limites<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":82,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[55],"tags":[7,4,5],"class_list":["post-13092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-alternance-consonantique","tag-alternance-consonantique","tag-categories-de-verbes","tag-groupes-verbaux"],"yoast_head":"\nAlternance consonantique du quatri\u00e8me groupe verbal - Uusi kielemme<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Apprenez tout ce qu'il faut savoir sur l'alternance consonantique du quatri\u00e8me groupe verbal en finnois, de son fonctionnement \u00e0 ses limites\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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