Adjectives Ending in -NUT/-NYT
In this article, we will take a look at how you can put adjectives ending in -NUT in the Finnish cases. We have other articles on words ending in a consonant, such as words ending in -tAr, -tOn and -As.
Below, you can first find out more about the difference between -NUT words depending on their function in the sentence. After that, there is a list of adjectives ending in -nut/-nyt. I’ve also included information about these words get inflected in the cases, with some example sentences of that as well.
Active Past Participles as Adjectives
“Hän on kuollut” can be translated as “he has died” or as “he is dead”. In the first translation, we’re dealing with a verb in the perfect tense (died). In the latter translation, we’re dealing with an adjective (dead). Yet, in Finnish, both look the same. So how do we know?
The difference between verbs in the perfect tense and lexicalized adjectives is not very large. However, there is a difference. VISK gives the following example, where the verb vanhentua is used both as part of the perfect tense (#1), and as an adjective (#2). We can tell that one is part of the tense and one is an adjective because of the form the verb is in.
- Miehet ovat vanhentuneet nopeasti. “The men have gotten older quickly.”
→ the verb is conjugated in the active past participle, and made plural (we use -nut/-nyt in the singular and -neet in the plural for the perfect tense).
- Mallit ovat vanhentuneita. “The models are outdated.”
→ the adjective is inflected in the plural partitive form, as is usually the case with the complement of a plural sentence.
In this article, we will just look at NUT-participles that have lexicalized. They function as adjectives, and can sometimes even be used as nouns.
- Tytöt olivat ahdistuneita. “The girls were anxious.”
- Ahdistuneet tytöt itkivät. “The anxious girls were crying.”
- Rakastin ahdistuneita tyttöjä. “I loved the anxious girls.”
- Ahdistuneet masentuvat helposti. “Those who are anxious easily get depressed.”
List of Words Ending in -nut/-nyt
Finnish | English |
---|---|
ahdistunut | anxious |
helpottunut | relieved |
hermostunut | nervous |
hienostunut | sophisticated |
huolestunut | worried |
huvittunut | amused |
häiriintynyt | deranged |
hämmentynyt | bewildered |
hämmästynyt | amazed |
innostunut | excited |
kiinnostunut | interested |
kuollut | dead |
loukkaantunut | offended |
masentunut | depressed |
nolostunut | embarrassed |
nöyryyttänyt | humiliated |
Finnish | English |
---|---|
pelästynyt | frightened |
pettynyt | disappointed |
päihtynyt | intoxicated |
rakastunut | in love |
sivistynyt | civilized |
suuttunut | angry, indignant |
säikähtänyt | frightened |
tyrmistynyt | baffled |
uupunut | exhausted |
väsynyt | tired |
ylirasittunut | overworked |
yllättynyt | surprised |
ällistynyt | taken aback |
ärsyyntynyt | displeased |
The Inflection of Words Ending in -NUT
In the singular cases, -nut/-nyt will be replaced with -nee- before the case ending. The partitive case is the exception: add -ta/-tä to the basic form of the word.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | väsynyt | väsyneet |
Partitive | väsynyttä | väsyneitä |
Genetive | väsyneen | väsyneiden |
Missä | väsyneessä | väsyneissä |
Mistä | väsyneestä | väsyneistä |
Mihin | väsyneeseen | väsyneisiin |
Millä | väsyneellä | väsyneillä |
Miltä | väsyneeltä | väsyneiltä |
Mille | väsyneelle | väsyneille |
Translative | väsyneeksi | väsyneiksi |
Essive | väsyneenä | väsyneinä |
Example Sentences
Finnish | English |
---|---|
Me olemme väsyneitä. | We are tired. |
Väsynyt mies ei tarvitse minua. | The tired man doesn’t need me. |
Väsyneet vauvat itkevät. | The tired babies are crying. |
Silitän väsynyttä koiraa. | I pet the tired dog. |
En auta väsyneitä äitejä. | I don’t have the tired moms. |
Haen väsyneen lapsen päiväkodista. | I pick up a tired child from daycare. |
Näytät tosi väsyneeltä. | You look really tired. |
Näytätte tosi väsyneiltä. | You (plural) look really tired. |
Älä huuda väsyneille lapsille! | Don’t yell at the tired children! |
Annan halin väsyneelle tytölle. | I give a hug to the tired girl. |
En tykkää siitä väsyneestä pojasta. | I dont like that tired boy. |
En pidä niistä väsyneistä pojista. | I don’t like those tired boys. |
Menin väsyneenä töihin. | I went to work tired. |
Tunnen itseni väsyneeksi aamulla. | I feel tired in the morning. |
It appears something is wrong with the tables the both contain the heading words ending in -NUT but no heading for words word list ending in -NYT