Words Ending in -inen – Derivational Suffix Johdin Johdos
March 2, 2021
May 31, 2021
There are thousands of words in Finnish than end in -nen. In this article, we’ll look specifically as DERIVED words with the -inen derivational element. The derivational suffix -inen is very common!
1. Terminology
- Derivation: The process of making new words based on original words by adding elements to them (johtaminen).
- Derivational element: The prefix, suffix or affix you add to a word to create a new word (johdin).
- Derivate: The new word that’s formed by adding a derivational element (johdos).
- Root word: The original word to which the derivational element is added (kantasana).
2. Functions of the Derivational Suffix -inen
We use the suffix -inen to create adjectives. The resulting adjective usually has one of the following meanings:
- The adjective expresses that something contains the root word.
Example: kala means “fish” > kalainen järvi means a lake that contains (a lot of) fish. - The adjective expresses that something is created from the root word.
Example: puu means “wood” > puinen pöytä means a table is made from wood. - The adjective expresses that something is covered in the root word.
Example: ruoho means “grass” > ruohoinen mäki means a hill covered in grass. - The adjective expresses that something resembles the root word.
Example: talvi means “winter” > talvinen sää means weather that resembles winter.
3. Words Ending in the Derivational Suffix -inen
This section contains words which have been derived using the derivational suffix -inen.
| Base word | Adjective | English | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| huopa | huopainen | felt | made of felt, resembles felt (hat) |
| nahka | nahkainen | leathery, leathered | made of, resembles leather (wallet) |
| pellava | pellavainen | flaxen, linen | made of, resembles linen (cloth) |
| silkki | silkkinen | silky, silken | made of silk, feels silky (skin) |
| ohra | ohrainen | barley | made of, contains barley (bread) |
| vehnä | vehnäinen | wheat | made of, contains wheat (bread) |
| ruis | rukiinen | rye | made of, contains rye (bread) |
| olki | olkinen | straw | made of straw, contains straw (hat) |
| paperi | paperinen | paper, papery | made of paper (airplane) |
| kivi | kivinen | stone, stony, rocky | made of stone, covered in stone (path) |
| tiili | tiilinen | brick | made of bricks (house) |
| pronssi | pronssinen | bronze, bronzy | made of bronze (jewel) |
| teräs | teräksinen | steel, steely | made of steel, resembles steel (nerves) |
| rauta | rautainen | iron, cast iron | made of iron, resembles iron (fist) |
| kupari | kuparinen | copper, coppery | made of, contains copper (cable) |
| hopea | hopeinen | silver, silvery | made of silver, contains silver (ring) |
| kulta | kultainen | golden, gold | made of gold, contains gold (necklace) |
| alumiini | alumiininen | aluminic, aluminum | made of, contains aluminum (plate) |
| sinkki | sinkkinen | zinc | made of zinc, contains zinc (basin) |
| posliini | posliininen | porcelain | made of porcelain (doll) |
| marmori | marmorinen | marble | made of marble (statue) |
| kangas | kankainen | fabric | made of fabric (curtain) |
| kvartsi | kvartsinen | quartoze | made of, contains quartz (jewel) |
| lasi | lasinen | glass, glassed, glassy | made of, contains, looks like glass (door) |
| puu | puinen | wooden, woody | made of wood (rod) |
| mänty | mäntyinen | pine | made of pine, resembles pine (smell) |
| vaneri | vanerinen | plywood, veneer | made of plywood (cutting board) |
| honka | honkainen | piney | made of, covered in pinewood (table) |
| kipsi | kipsinen | plaster | made of plaster (wall) |
| kumi | kuminen | rubbery | made of rubber (glove) |
| muovi | muovinen | plastic | made of plastic (box) |
| sora | sorainen | gravelly | covered in, made of gravel (ridge) |
| vuori | vuorinen | mountainous, hilly | covered in mountains (shore) |
| ruoho | ruohoinen | grassy | covered in grass (lawn, hill) |
| rikkaruoho | rikkaruohoinen | weedy | covered in weeds (field, garden) |
| sohjo | sohjoinen | slushy, sleety | covered in sludge, sleet (road) |
| hiekka | hiekkainen | sandy | covered in sand, made of sand (beach) |
| tahma | tahmainen | sticky, gooey | covered in goo, feels sticky (rice) |
| usva | usvainen | misty, hazy, foggy | covered in fog (landscape) |
| huurre | huurteinen | frosty | covered in frost (glass) |
| kaste | kasteinen | dewy, bedewed | covered in dew (meadow) |
| pisama | pisamainen | freckled | covered in freckles (face) |
| terva | tervainen | tarry | covered in tar, smells of tar (soap) |
| hiki | hikinen | sweaty | covered in sweat (bodybuilder) |
| veri | verinen | bloody, bloodstained | covered in blood (hand) |
| karva | karvainen | hairy, furry | covered in hair, fur (legs) |
| kihara | kiharainen | curly, twisty | covered in, with (many) curls (hair) |
| pensas | pensainen | bushy | covered in bushes (landscape) |
| kukka | kukkainen | flowery, floral | covered in, resembles flowers (smell) |
| ruoste | ruosteinen | rust, rusting | covered in rust (kettle) |
| nukka | nukkainen | fuzzy, downy | covered in fuzz (sweater) |
| pöly | pölyinen | dusty, gritty | covered in dust (floor) |
| tomu | tomuinen | dusty | covered in dust (attic) |
| home | homeinen | mouldy, moldy, musty | covered in, contains mold (cheese) |
| taikina | taikinainen | doughy | covered in, tastes of dough (hands) |
| lumi | luminen | snowy | covered in, contains snow (path) |
| jää | jäinen | icy, iced, frozen | covered in ice (road) |
| tuli | tulinen | fiery, hot | covered in fire, resembles fire (food) |
| suomu | suomuinen | scaly, scaley, scaled | covered in scales (crocodile) |
| kala | kalainen |
fishy | contains fish (lake) |
| marja | marjainen | berried | contains berries (hill, bush) |
| paska | paskainen | shitty, crappy | contains shit (diaper) |
| rasva | rasvainen | greasy, fatty | contains fat (food), feels greasy (skin) |
| rasva | vähärasvainen | low-fat | contains less fat (cheese) |
| viima | viimainen | windy | contains an icy wind (evening, lake) |
| aurinko | aurinkoinen | sunny | contains sun (day, room) |
| sade | sateinen | rainy | contains rain (morning) |
| myrsky | myrskyinen | stormy, rocky, wild | contains, resembles a storm (weather) |
| tuuli | tuulinen | windy, breezy | contains wind (weather) |
| vesi | vetinen | watery | contains water, resembles water (liquid) |
| saaste | saasteinen | polluted | contains pollution (air) |
| jänne | jänteinen | sinewy, stringy | contains sinew, tendons (meat) |
| ruoto | ruotoinen | bony, boney | contains a lot of fish bones (meal) |
| öljy | öljyinen | oily | contains oil, resembles oil (liquid) |
| mauste | mausteinen | spicy, seasoned | contains spices, seasoning (food) |
| hunaja | hunajainen | honeyed | contains honey, tastes of honey (cake) |
| hedelmä | hedelmäinen | fruity | contains fruit, tastes of fruit (wine) |
| pähkinä | pähkinäinen | nutty, nutlike | contains nuts, resembles nuts (taste) |
| sokeri | sokerinen | sugary, sweet | contains (lots of) sugar (jam) |
| suola | suolainen | salty, salted | contains (lots of) salt (sea water) |
| siirappi | siirappinen | syrupy, soppy | contains syrup, resembles syrup (spoon) |
| sipuli | sipulinen | oniony, alliaceous | contains onion, resembles onion (taste) |
| kiemura | kiemurainen | winding, squiggly | contains bends, twists, loops (path) |
| kierukka | kierukkainen | coiled | contains coils (drill) |
| kuhmura | kuhmurainen | knobbly | contains bumps, feels bumpy (pillow) |
| muhkura | muhkurainen | gnarly, knotted, gnarled | contains knobbles, feels gnarled (trunk) |
| möykky | möykkyinen | lumpy, clumpy | contains clumps (soil) |
| kokkare | kokkareinen | lumpy, chunky | contains lumps (sauce) |
| mutka | mutkainen | bendy, twisting | contains bends, twists (road) |
| oksa | oksainen | branchy, well-branched | contains, covered in branches (tree) |
| raita | raitainen | striped | contains, covered in stripes (shirt) |
| kuvio | kuvioinen | patterned | contains, covered in pattern (dress) |
| ruuhka | ruuhkainen | congested, busy | contains a traffic jam (road) |
| tuska | tuskainen | distressed, suffering | contains pain, feels like pain (patient) |
| savu | savuinen | smoky, smoke-filled | contains smoke (air) |
| kallio | kallioinen | cliffy, rocky | contains cliffs, rocks (coastline) |
| arpi | arpinen | scarred | contains scars (face) |
| rupi | rupinen | scabby, crusted | contains scabs (skin) |
| naarmu | naarmuinen | scratched | contains a scratch (table, face) |
| ryppy | ryppyinen | wrinkly, wrinkled | contains wrinkles (skin, cloth) |
| kuoppa | kuoppainen | bumpy, rough | contains holes, bumps (road) |
| lommo | lommoinen | dented | contains a dent (can) |
| reikä | reikäinen | holey, cavitied | contains holes (sock), cavities (teeth) |
| uurre | uurteinen | grooved, rugged | contains grooves (bark, face) |
| pihka | pihkainen | resinous, tarry | contains tar, covered in tar (tree) |
| tahra | tahrainen | stained, smudgy | contains a stain, covered in stains (cloth) |
| hilse | hilseinen | scurfy, dandruffy | contains dandruff (hair) |
| lika | likainen | dirty, firthy | contains dirt, filth (kitchen) |
| törky | törkyinen | dirty, grimy, nasty | contains dirt, trash (yard) |
| roso | rosoinen | ragged, rough, jagged | contains tiny uneven bits (trail) |
| sokkelo | sokkeloinen | labyrinthine, mazy | resembles a maze (building) |
| ryysy | ryysyinen | ragged, tattered | resembles rags (clothing) |
| resu | resuinen | ragged, shabby, ratty | resembles rags (clothing) |
| rae | rakeinen | granular, gritty | resembles granules (sugar, stone) |
| kesä | kesäinen | summery, summerlike | resembles summer (day) |
| talvi | talvinen | wintery, wintry | resembles winter (wheather) |
| syksy | syksyinen | autumnal, autumn | resembles autumn (afternoon) |
| kevät | keväinen | springlike | resembles spring (morning) |
| joulu | jouluinen | Christmassy | resembles Chrismas (atmosphere) |
| mies | miehinen | masculine, manly | resembles a man (facial features) |
| flunssa | flunssainen | fluey | has the flu, feels like flu (child) |
| kuume | kuumeinen | feverish, delirious | has a fever, feels like fever (patient) |
| jano | janoinen | thirsty, parched | has a thirst, feels thirsty (animal) |
| nälkä | nälkäinen | hungry | has a hunger, feels hungry (baby) |
| kiukku | kiukkuinen | snappy, grumpy, angry | has a temper, feels angry (teenager) |
| viha | vihainen | angry, mad, pissed | has a hate, feels angry (child) |
| ilo | iloinen | happy, cheerful | has joy, feels happy (baby) |
| kohmelo | kohmeloinen | hung-over | has a hangover (teenager) |
| syyhy | syyhyinen | mangy, scabby | has mange or scabies (dog) |
Check out these other sources too:
- Palomäki.info: Käänteissanakirjan -n-loppuiset sanat
- Wiktionary: Finnish nainen-type nominals
- VISK: Laaja johdostyyppi ja sen alatyypit
- VISK: Lisää nen-adjektiivien merkityssuhteista
That’s all for this list of words created with the derivational suffix -inen! There are most likely many more that could be added, but this should be a good list to start with.
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