100 Finnish Verbs and their Opposites – Upper-Intermediate learners
This article contains 100 Finnish verbs and their opposites. This hasn’t been a particularly easy list to compile, but I think I managed to come up with 100 useful ones.
Some notes:
- Some of these opposites require multiple words, such as “olla samaa mieltä” (to agree) and “olla eri mieltä” (to disagree).
- Some of these verbs have multiple meanings, so you might see them in other contexts as well. For example, in addition to “to badmouth”, haukkua can also mean “to bark”.
- Whenever it felt necessary, I have included an example. However, I decided against adding an example for each, because the table started to get too wide to be easily seen.
List of verbs and their opposites
| # | Finnish | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | aloittaa (section 1) – lopettaa | to start – to stop/quit (e.g. I started a course) |
| 2 | alkaa (section 2) – loppua | to begin – to end (e.g. summer vacation began) |
| 3 | antaa – ottaa | to give – to take |
| 4 | aueta – sulkeutua | to open up – to close down (e.g. the door opens) |
| 5 | avata – sulkea | to open – to close (e.g. I open the door) |
| 6 | elää – kuolla | to live – to die |
| 7 | haukkua – kehua | to criticize/badmouth – to praise |
| 8 | hengittää – pidättää hengitystä | to breathe – to hold your breath |
| 9 | hengittää sisään – hengittää ulos | to breathe in – to breathe out |
| 10 | hidastaa – nopeuttaa | to slow down – to speed up (e.g. your walking speed) |
| 11 | huomata – olla huomaamatta | to notice – to not notice |
| 12 | huutaa – kuiskata | to yell – to whisper |
| 13 | hyökätä – puolustaa | to attack – to defend (e.g. defend a person/idea) |
| 14 | häiritä – jättää rauhaan | to disturb/bother – to leave be |
| 15 | hätääntyä – pysyä rauhallisena | to panic – to remain calm |
| 16 | ihailla – halveksia | to admire – to despise |
| 17 | ilmaantua – kadota | to appear – to disappear |
| 18 | iloita – surra | to rejoice – to mourn |
| 19 | itkeä – nauraa | to cry – to laugh |
| 20 | järjestää – sekoittaa | to order/organize – to mix up |
| 21 | jäähdyttää – kuumentaa | to let cool down – to heat up |
| 22 | kaasuttaa – jarruttaa | to gas, put the pedal down, accelerate – to brake (a car) |
| 23 | kaataa puu – istuttaa puu | to fell a tree – to plant a tree |
| 24 | kastella – kuivattaa | to water/wet – to dry out (e.g. I water plants) |
| 25 | kastua – kuivua | to get wet – to dry up (e.g. I get wet in the rain) |
| 26 | kasvaa – kutistua | to grow – to shrink |
| 27 | keskeyttää – jatkaa | to interrupt – to continue |
| 28 | kirjautua sisään – kirjautua ulos | to sign in – to sign out |
| 29 | kirkastua – hämärtyä | to brighten – to darken (e.g. weather, day) |
| 30 | koota – purkaa | to put together – to take apart |
| 31 | kysyä – vastata | to ask – to answer/reply |
| 32 | köyhtyä – rikastua | to become poor(er) – to become rich(er) |
| 33 | laihduttaa – lihottaa | to diet – to fatten up |
| 34 | laihtua – lihoa | to lose weight – to gain weight (without dieting) |
| 35 | lainata – palauttaa | to borrow – to return |
| 36 | lainata jollekin – lainata joltakin | to lend – to borrow |
| 37 | leikkiä – työskennellä | to play – to work |
| 38 | lievittää – pahentaa | to alleviate – to aggravate |
| 39 | liikkua – pysyä liikkumattomana | to move – to remain motionless |
| 40 | lisätä – vähentää | to add – to subtract |
| 41 | lomailla – työskennellä | to vacation – to work |
| 42 | lukita – avata | to lock – to open |
| 43 | luoda – tuhota | to create – to destroy |
| 44 | luottaa – epäillä | to trust – to doubt |
| 45 | lähteä – jäädä | to leave – to stay |
| 46 | lämmetä – kylmetä | to become warm(er) – to become cold(er) |
| 47 | löytyä – hävitä/kadota | to be found – to disappear/vanish (e.g. my keys disappear) |
| 48 | löytää – hukata/kadottaa | to find – to lose/misplace (e.g. I lose my keys) |
| 49 | mennä naimisiin – erota | to marry – to divorce |
| 50 | muistaa – unohtaa | to remember – to forget |
| 51 | muuttua – pysyä samana | to change – to stay the same |
| 52 | myöhästyä – olla ajoissa | to be late – to be on time |
| 53 | myöntää – kiistää | to admit – to deny |
| 54 | niittää – kylvää | to sow – to reap |
| 55 | nostaa – laskea | to lift up – to put down (e.g. I lift up a chair) |
| 56 | nousta ylös – istua alas | to get up – to sit down |
| 57 | nukahtaa – herätä | to fall asleep – to wake up |
| 58 | nukkua – olla hereillä | to sleep – to be awake |
| 59 | näyttää – piilottaa | to show – to hide (e.g. I hide my money) |
| 60 | olla samaa mieltä – olla eri mieltä | to agree – to disagree |
| 61 | onnistua – epäonnistua | to succeed – to fail |
| 62 | opettaa – oppia | to teach – to learn |
| 63 | ostaa – myydä | to buy – to sell |
| 64 | osua – ampua ohi | to hit – to miss (targets) |
| 65 | ottaa huomioon – jättää huomiotta | to take into account – to ignore |
| 66 | paheta – parantua | to get worse – to get better |
| 67 | pitää kiinni – päästää irti | to hold on – to let go |
| 68 | puhdistaa – liata | to clean – to make dirty |
| 69 | puhua – olla hiljaa | to speak – to be quiet |
| 70 | pukea – riisua | to dress – to undress |
| 71 | puoltaa – vastustaa | to advocate for – to oppose |
| 72 | pyytää – vaatia | to request – to demand |
| 73 | rakastaa – vihata | to love – to hate |
| 74 | rankaista – palkita | to punish – to reward |
| 75 | rauhoittua – hermostua | to calm down – to get nervous |
| 76 | riidellä – sopia riita | to argue – to make up |
| 77 | rikkoa – korjata | to break – to fix |
| 78 | saapua – lähteä | to arrive – to leave |
| 79 | sairastua – toipua | to get sick – to recover |
| 80 | sallia – kieltää | to allow – to forbid |
| 81 | sammuttaa – käynnistää | to turn off – to turn on |
| 82 | sammuttaa – sytyttää | to extinguish – to ignite (e.g. candle) |
| 83 | sataa – paistaa | to rain – to shine |
| 84 | siistiä – sotkea | to tidy up – to mess up |
| 85 | suurentaa – pienentää | to enlarge – to make smaller |
| 86 | syödä – paastota | to eat – to fast |
| 87 | säilyttää – heittää pois | to keep – to throw away |
| 88 | tuhlata – säästää | to splurge/waste – to save |
| 89 | työntää – vetää | to push – to pull |
| 90 | täyttää – tyhjentää | to fill – to empty |
| 91 | upota – kellua | to sink – to float |
| 92 | valehdella – puhua totta | to lie – to tell the truth |
| 93 | valvoa – nukkua | to stay up – to sleep |
| 94 | vangita – vapauttaa | to imprison – to release |
| 95 | vanheta – nuoreta | to get old(er) – to get young(er) |
| 96 | vähentää – lisätä | to reduce – to add |
| 97 | vähätellä – liioitella | to understate – to overstate/exaggerate |
| 98 | yhdistää – erottaa | to combine – to separate |
| 99 | yksinkertaistaa – monimutkaistaa | to simplify – to complicate |
| 100 | yliarvioida – aliarvioida | to overestimate – to underestimate |
Hopefully you decide to study at least a few of these verbs and opposites!
I have two random intermediate level random noun vocabulary lists you might like as well: part one & part two.




That’s very useful, sometimes I need a certain verb but I only know its opposite. Having such a list like this one really helps to expand one’s vocabulary.
Regarding the pair lukita – avata, is there some verb in Finnish which corresponds to unlock (that is to open using a key)? Or is avata used both for open and unlock?
It’s just “avata lukko” or “poistaa lukitus”, usually just “avata” though!